本发明涉及一种微孔材料装载金属络合物-离子液体催化剂。该催化剂通过钛酸酯和硅酸酯的溶胶凝胶过程将1，3-二烷基咪唑和烷基吡啶类离子液体及钯络合物 装载于微孔的钛硅复合氧化物中。该催化剂能够在80℃至200℃，氧气与一氧化碳压力比为0∶1至1∶2，总压力比在1.0至7.0MPa的条件下催化含 氮化合物羰化反应制备氨基甲酸酯和二取代脲。该催化剂的特点是催化活性高，离子液体和钯络合物装载或键合于载体之中，活性组分不易流失，可以重复使用，同 时降低了离子液体和钯络合物的用量，有效降低了催化剂的成本，具有良好的工业应用前景。

邓友全,石峰,彭家建,等. 微孔材料装载金属络合物-离子液体催化剂. Cn1389298. 2004.

本发明涉及一种高效清洁的有机胺类化合物催化氧化羰化制二取代脲的方法。本发明中使用树脂类高聚物担载的金催化剂。在初始反应压力为 4.0-6.0MPa，反应温度为100-200℃。反应时间为1-10小时，使用一氧化碳和氧气混合气为氧化羰化剂，高效地催化氧化羰化有机胺制相应二 取代的脲。该催化剂的主要特点是具有高效、组成相对简单和金含量相对较低的同时，容易与反应体系分离、回收及重复使用。并且反应过程中不需要加入任何其它 溶剂。其中，二取代脲的的单程收率可达到48-85%，产品纯度≥99%。属清洁催化反应工艺，具有良好的工业应用前景。

邓友全,石峰. 催化氧化羰化胺制脲衍生物的方法. Cn1327977. 2003.

This paper reports an effective route for the syntheses of N-substituted dicarbamates from dialkyl carbonates and polyurea derivatives, in which polyurea derivatives could be successfully synthesized from aliphatic diamines and CO2 in the absence of any catalyst. Under the optimized reaction conditions, various N-substituted carbamates were successfully synthesized with 93–98% isolated yields over a MgO–ZnO catalyst. The catalyst could be reused for several runs without deactivation. The catalysts were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and temperature-programmed desorption.

★★★★☆ Green Chem., 2012, 14, 2899–2906

Magnetic binary Mg\Fe oxides were prepared by co-precipitation method, characterized and tested in the synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones from epoxides and carbamates. The catalytic results showed that the catalyst with Mg/Fe molar ratio of 1 and calcined at 400 °C exhibited superior catalytic activity. The catalyst could be magnetically separated, recycled and reused for five runs without noticeable deactivation. Under the optimized conditions, various 2-oxazolidinones derivatives were successfully synthesized with good to excellent isolated yields.

Keywords: 2-oxazolidinone; Epoxide; Carbamate; Solid base; Magnetic oxides

★★★☆☆ J. Shang et al. / Catalysis Communications 28 (2012) 13–17

The electroreduction of oxygen was firstly studied on Ag/Co₃O₄–C in alkaline media prepared by depositing Ag on Co₃O₄ modified carbon (Co₃O₄–C). The Ag/Co₃O₄–C composite not only displayed relatively large electrochemical active surface area (ESA), high catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), but also exhibited good methanol tolerance and stability in alkaline media. Ag/Co₃O₄–C could be a valuable catalyst for ORR and be applied to alkaline fuel cells and metal–air batteries.

Keywords: Silver; Cobalt oxide; Oxygen reduction reaction; Alkaline media

★★★★☆ Wang Y,Lu XJ,Liu Y,et al. Silver Supported On Co3o4 Modified Carbon As Electrocatalyst For Oxygen Reduction Reaction In Alkaline Media[J]. Electrochemistry Communications,2013,31:108-111.

Because of its sensitivity to chemical and electrostatic characteristics, nitrile group as an infrared (IR) probe to monitor the local structure, folding kinetics, and electrostatic environment of protein, or solvation of molecular solvents, has attracted increasing attention. Herein, by choosing benzonitrile and imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) as the IR probe and model ILs, respectively, we report that the nitrile stretching vibration (νCN) could be utilized as a simple and substantial IR probe to monitor the local environment of ILs such as hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) as well as intrinsic electric field. In 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based non-hydroxyl ILs, the νCN is in a “free” state, and is less affected by the alkyl chain, while it significantly decreases with the effective anion charge. In 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium-based hydroxyl ILs, however, a distinct anion-dependent νCN forming H-bonding with the hydroxyl is also observed besides the “free” νCN band. The “free” component of νCN can be further employed to determine the intrinsic electric field in both non-hydroxyl (directly) and hydroxyl (indirectly by subtracting H-bonding contribution) ILs by using vibrational Stark effect. Moreover, the result suggests that benzonitrile is preferentially located in the charge domain in ILs and it could be a more suitable probe to report the ionic network rather than the nonpolar domain in ILs.

★★★☆☆ Zhang SG,Zhang Y,Ma XY,et al. Benzonitrile As A Probe Of Local Environment In Ionic Liquids[J]. J. Phys. Chem. B,2013,117:2764-2772.

The electroreduction of oxygen of MnO_x-Co₃O₄/C was firstly studied in alkaline media. The MnO_x-Co₃O₄/C showed better electrocatalytic activity towards ORR than MnO_x/C and Co₃O₄/C. Compared to Pt/C, MnO_x-Co₃O₄/C showed better methanol tolerance and durability in alkaline solution. Thus, the MnO_x-Co₃O₄/C catalyst had potential for applications in metaleair batteries and alkaline fuel cells.

Keywords: Manganese oxides; Cobalt oxides; Oxygen reduction reaction; Alkaline media

★★★☆☆ Wang Y,Ma XY,Lu LJ,et al. Carbon Supported Mnox–co3o4 As Cathode Catalyst For Oxygen Reduction Reaction In Alkaline Media[J]. International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy,2013,38:13611-13616.

Electric fields of ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated by vibrational Stark effect spectroscopy using ethyl thiocyanate as a probe molecule. It was found that the stretching vibration of C≡N in nonhydroxyl ILs originates exclusively from the intrinsic electric fields, which are on average 3.0 MV cm^-1 higher than those of molecular solvents. In contrast, in the case of hydroxyl functional ILs, hydrogen bonding as well as the electric field contribute to the IR shift of C≡N.

★★★☆☆ Zhang SG,Zhang Y,Deng YQ. Investigation Of The Intrinsic Electric Field Of Nonhydroxyl And Hydroxyl Ionic Liquids By Vibrational Stark Effect Spectroscopy[J]. Rsc Advances,2013,3:11480-11484.

★★★★☆ Zhang SG,Shi R,Ma XY,et al. Intrinsic Electric Fields In Ionic Liquids Determined By Vibrational Stark Effect Spectroscopy And Molecular Dynamics Simulation[J]. Chem. Eur. J.,2012,18:11904-11908.

Ionic liquids (ILs)-stabilized iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles were synthesized by the ultrasonic decomposition of iron carbonyl precursors in [EMIm][BF4] without any stabilizing or capping agents. The Fe2O3 nanoparticles were isolated and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and susceptibility measurements. The physicochemical properties of ILs containing magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles (denoted as Fe2O3@[EMIm][BF4]), including surface properties, density, viscosity and stability, were investigated in detail and compared with that of [EMIm][BF4]. The Fe2O3@[EMIm][BF4] can be directly used as magnetic ionic liquid marble by coating with hydrophobic and unreactive polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), for which the effective surface tension was determined by the puddle height method. The resulting magnetic ionic liquid marble can be transported under external magnetic actuation, without detachment of magnetic particles from the marble surface that is usually observed in water marble.

★★★☆☆ Zhang SG,Zhang Y,Wang Y,et al. Sonochemical Formation Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles In Ionic Liquids For Magnetic Liquid Marble[J]. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.,2012,14:5132-5138.