After modifications of rare earth and phosphorus, the acidity density and the strength in the pores of zeolite Y (PREUSY) are improved effectively; the surface acidity is suitably reduced and weakened owing to the interaction of rare earth cation and phosphate anion. NH3-TPD analysis showed that the acid distribution of the modified zeolite is more concentrated on the range of intermediate and strong acidity. This kind of modification can direct more hydrocarbons to enter into the pores to be converted and remarkably reduces the possibility of naphtha olefins forming through a surface cracking reaction. In addition, because naphtha olefin reduction does not completely depend on olefin saturation through secondary hydrogen transfer reaction, this kind of reaction mode can decrease the excessive cracking of mediate distillate and can improve the diesel oil yield (LCO) effectively. Some reaction pathways were proposed.

★★★☆☆ Keywords: Zeolite Y; Rare earth; Phosphorus; Catalytic cracking reaction; Surface modification; Reducing olefin formation; Diesel oil yield; Hydrogen transfer activity

★★★☆☆ C. Liu et al. / Applied Catalysis A: General 264 (2004) 225–228.

At ambient reaction temperature, the silica gel confined ionic liquid catalysts were perfectly combined with water as an effective catalytic system for simultaneous C@N and C@O bonds transformation with a TONs exceeding 300molmol
-1.

★★★★☆ D. Li et al. / Tetrahedron Letters 45 (2004) 6791–6794.

A brief review of the work carried out at Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences for development of ionic liquid as green reaction media and catalysts is presented. This includes the processes of ionic liquid to be used as catalyst, reaction media, development of functional ionic liquid and methods for synthesis of immobilized ionic liquid. In the end, some prospects for development of ionic liquid are also addressed.

★★★☆☆ KEY WORDS: catalysis; green chemistry; ionic liquid; reaction media; review.

★★★☆☆ F. Shi et al./ Catalysis Surveys from Asia, 2004, 8(3): 179-186.